IMO, industrial hemp would be an excellent crop to be grown in this country, as it's uses and virtues are many. However, because it is related to "pot" or "marijuana", it is illegal in this country. Other countries are growing it, and finding it profitable.

HISTORY FACTS

*Hemp has been grown for at least the last 12,000 years for fiber (textiles and paper) and food. It has been effectively prohibited in the United States since the 1950s.

*George Washington and Thomas Jefferson both grew hemp. Ben Franklin owned a mill that made hemp paper. Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence on hemp paper.

*When US sources of "Manila hemp" (not true hemp) was cut off by the Japanese in WWII, the US Army and US Department of Agriculture promoted the "Hemp for Victory" campaign to grow hemp in the US.

*Because of its importance for sails (the word "canvass" is rooted in "cannabis") and rope for ships, hemp was a required crop in the American colonies.

INDUSTRY FACTS

*Henry Ford experimented with hemp to build car bodies. He wanted to build and fuel cars from farm products.

*BMW is experimenting with hemp materials in automobiles as part of an effort to make cars more recyclable.

*Much of the bird seed sold in the US has hemp seed (it's sterilized before importation), the hulls of which contain about 25% protein.

*Hemp oil once greased machines. Most paints, resins, shellacs, and varnishes used to be made out of linseed (from flax) and hemp oils.

*Rudolph Diesel designed his engine to run on hemp oil.

*Kimberly Clark (on the Fortune 500) has a mill in France which produces hemp paper preferred for bibles because it lasts a very long time and doesn't yellow.

*Construction products such as medium density fiber board, oriented strand board, and even beams, studs and posts could be made out of hemp. Because of hemp's long fibers, the products will be stronger and/or lighter than those made from wood.

*The products that can be made from hemp number over 25,000.

SCIENTIFIC FACTS

*Industrial hemp and marijuana are both classified by taxonomists as Cannabis sativa, a species with hundreds of varieties. C. sativa is a member of the mulberry family. Industrial hemp is bred to maximize fiber, seed and/or oil, while marijuana varieties seek to maximize THC (delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana).

*While industrial hemp and marijuana may look somewhat alike to an untrained eye, an easily trained eye can easily distinguish the difference.

*Industrial hemp has a THC content of between 0.05 and 1%. Marijuana has a THC content of 3% to 20%. To receive a standard psychoactive dose would require a person to power-smoke 10-12 hemp cigarettes over an extremely short period of time. The large volume and high temperature of vapor, gas and smoke would be almost impossible for a person to withstand.

*If hemp does pollinate any nearby marijuana, genetically, the result will always be lower-THC marijuana, not higher-THC hemp. If hemp is grown outdoors, marijuana will not be grown close by to avoid producing lower-grade marijuana.

*Hemp fibers are longer, stronger, more absorbent and more mildew-resistant than cotton.

*Fabrics made of at least one-half hemp block the sun's UV rays more effectively than other fabrics.

*Many of the varieties of hemp that were grown in North America have been lost. Seed banks weren't maintained. New genetic breeding will be necessary using both foreign and domestic "ditchweed," strains of hemp that went feral after cultivation ended. Various state national guard units often spend their weekends trying to eradicate this hemp, in the mistaken belief they are helping stop drug use.

*A 1938 Popular Mechanics described hemp as a "New Billion Dollar Crop." That's back when a billion was real money.

*Hemp can be made in to a variety of fabrics, including linen quality.

LEGAL FACTS

*The US Drug Enforcement Agency classifies all C. sativa varieties as "marijuana." While it is theoretically possible to get permission from the government to grow hemp, DEA would require that the field be secured by fence, razor wire, dogs, guards, and lights, making it cost-prohibitive.

*The US State Department must certify each year that a foreign nation is cooperating in the war on drugs. The European Union subsidizes its farmers to grow industrial hemp. Those nations are not on this list, because the State Department can tell the difference between hemp and marijuana.

*Hemp was grown commercially (with increasing governmental interference) in the United States until the 1950s. It was doomed by the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, which placed an extremely high tax on marijuana and made it effectively impossible to grow industrial hemp. While Congress expressly expected the continued production of industrial hemp, the Federal Bureau of Narcotics lumped industrial hemp with marijuana, as it's successor the US Drug Enforcement Administration, does to this day.

*Over 30 industrialized democracies do distinguish hemp from marijuana. International treaties regarding marijuana make an exception for industrial hemp.

*Canada now again allows the growing of hemp.

ECOLOGY FACTS

* Hemp growers can not hide marijuana plants in their fields. Marijuana is grown widely spaced to maximize leaves. Hemp is grown in tightly-spaced rows to maximize stalk and is usually harvested before it goes to seed.

*Hemp can be made into fine quality paper. The long fibers in hemp allow such paper to be recycled several times more than wood-based paper.

*Because of its low lignin content, hemp can be pulped using less chemicals than with wood. Its natural brightness can obviate the need to use chlorine bleach, which means no extremely toxic dioxin being dumped into streams. A kinder and gentler chemistry using hydrogen peroxide rather than chlorine dixoide is possible with hemp fibers.

*Hemp grows well in a variety of climates and soil types. It is naturally resistant to most pests, precluding the need for pesticides. It grows tightly spaced, out-competing any weeds, so herbicides are not necessary. It also leaves a weed-free field for a following crop.

*Hemp can displace cotton which is usually grown with massive amounts of chemicals harmful to people and the environment. 50% of all the world's pesticides are sprayed on cotton.

*Hemp can displace wood fiber and save forests for watershed, wildlife habitat, recreation and oxygen production, carbon sequestration (reduces global warming), and other values.

*Hemp can yield 3-8 dry tons of fiber per acre. This is four times what an average forest can yield.

HEALTH FACTS

*If one tried to ingest enough industrial hemp to get 'a buzz', it would be the equivalent of taking 2-3 doses of a high-fiber laxative.

*At a volume level of 81%, hemp oil is the richest known source of polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (the "good" fats). It's quite high in some essential amino acids, including gamma linoleic acid (GLA), a very rare nutrient also found in mother's milk.

*While the original "gruel" was made of hemp seed meal, hemp oil and seed can be made into tasty and nutritional products.

Prepared by the North American Industrial Hemp Council, October 1997

-- Joy Froelich (dragnfly@chorus.net), October 15, 2000

Answers

When I went into the Navy in 64, I heard the expression someone had been 'smoking rope'. Had to have someone explain it to me. Back in the sailing ship days tobacco would have been scarce, so cut up bits of hemp rope were used instead. Might have given someone a very mind buzz.

-- Ken S. in WC TN (scharabo@aol.com), October 15, 2000.

Industrial-grade hemp production seems reasonable... as long as it is done only by licensed commercial growers and the THC level is kept so low as to make it useless for smoking.

Of course, private or otherwise unlicensed growing, intended for recreational drug use, would remain illegal.

-- Brett (bretfromok@aol.com), October 15, 2000.

Ahh! Now I know why the government doesn't want it legallized, they don't want it pollinating the "other" cash crop.

You gotta realize our black market drugs are big business and grower's unions are big contributors to politicians.

-- Laura (gsend@hotmail.com), October 15, 2000.

A funny story for those who enjoy the Cheech and Chong thing. Many years ago some friends happened upon a big stand of "wild" hemp left over from the WW2 days.

In the dark of night three of them went to the farmers field in their mopar stretch van with machetes and harvested these 12' plants. They come knocking on my door at 3AM beside themselves with joy. I opened the back of the van and it was STUFFED with this ditch weed. It was hung to dry in the woods then we tried it out. You could smoke a bale of that stuff and all you'd get would be a bad headache, sore throat and an awful cough. So fear not folks. Alot more to gain from industrial hemp than we'd be likely to lose.

-- john leake (natlivent@pcpros.net), October 15, 2000.

"Ditch weed." That brings back memories. Hemp grows wild in the Midwest, and back in the days when I lived near Omaha the local papers carried the same story every year -- some hopeful locals would be caught with a barn full of the stuff, not to smoke themselves but to foist off on unsuspecting high schoolers. Of course, there were other growers who planted the true cannabis in the middle of a back-forty corn field and turned out some primo smoke. Hemp's benefits are well known. Too bad it's surrounded by all that evil weed propaganda. Still can't figure out why pot is illegal. It's certainly gentler than alcohol, which is pure brain poison. But that's another thread, I suppose.

-- Cash (cash@andcarry.com), October 16, 2000.

Hemp products are available from the Oxford Hemp Exchange at oxhemp@pbmo.net.

Bear in mind even if the government were to allow commerical hemp production again it would be some years before an industry was developed for any of the products. For example, in order for farmers to grow it, they need a nearby market, such as a processing mill. Sort of a Catch 22 - I won't grow it since there is no mill - I won't build a mill since no one is growing it.

This article was in today's paper:

Lab monkeys hooked on pot

New York - Monkeys repeatedly dosed themselves with the active ingredient of marijuana in a new federal study. Researchers say the result emphasizes the idea that people can get hooked on pot.

Lab animals will actively dose themselves with most drugs abused by people, but marijuana has been an exception, said researcher Steven Goldberg of the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

The new work found that squirrel monkeys repeated pushed a lever to get injections of the marijuana ingredient THC.

-- Ken S. in WC TN (scharabo@aol.com), October 16, 2000.

Hemp and the Navy. Another bit of hemp trivia.

When I was in the Navy during the Vietnam era, the ships used both hemp and synthetic fiber, usually nylon or dacron, for mooring lines ands hawsers (big ropes). Hemp was preferred, but was being phased out because of its "bad press". When a hemp rope is stretched, it will quickly reach its bursting point and break. It could be dangerous. But when a synthetic rope is stretched, it stretches much farther than a similar hemp rope. All the energy is stored in the fibers until they let go. And when they let go, the rope will "whiplash" at several hundred mph, decapitating, maiming and crippling anyone in its path. That's why when a nylon rope stretched too far, the "old salts" would dive for cover.

Maybe you've read accounts of company picnics where they had a tug-of- war with a nylon rope and several people lost fingers when it snapped.

From an "old salt" (I still have my fingers)

(:raig

-- Craig Miller (CMiller@ssd.com), October 16, 2000.

Seem like I read the State of North Dakota legalized the growing of hemp. Don't know if anyone actually is or what the FEDs think or have done about this.

-- JLS (stalkingbull007@AOL.com), October 18, 2000.

JLS -- I think you're right about one of the Dakota's making it legal to grow hemp -- I think it's North Dakota. Unfortunately, it's still illegal at a federal level. But I guess ND will be ready to go if it ever IS made legal.

Ken -- well, hemp was illegal in Canada, and now it's not, and somehow they're growing it. Someone must have built a processing mill!

-- Joy Froelich (dragnfly@chorus.net), October 19, 2000.