I recommend you look in either Sunset's Western Gardens (if you're out west) or some other book with info on bamboo. There are hundreds of species. Most "clumping" types are tropical. Most "spreading" (some call them "invasive") are temperate.(posted 9627 days ago)They vary in size from prostrate to the timber bamboos (I have a bambusoides (?) which will grow to 60-80 feet high, and six inches in diameter, if it's happy enough. I've seen them in this climate (SW Oregon) 45 feet high and four inch diamter. They can grow new culms to this size in a single month's growth, once they are established.
They also vary a great deal in their hardiness. I don't know of any which can handle extreme cold (like below zero fahrenheit)